بسم الله والحمد لله
والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ، وبعد
A Person is either a Mu’min (Believer) or a Kaafir (the one having
no Imaan), and there is no in between as Allaah تعالى says:
﴿هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ
فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ ۚ وَاللَّـهُ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ﴾
{He it is Who created you, then
some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers. And Allaah is
All-Seer of what you do.} [Surah al-Taghaabun (64):2]
Any person who does not accept Islaam as his religion, or opposes,
it is a Kaafir - irrespective of if he is a Christian, Jew, Buddhist, or a Magian.
﴿وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ
وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾
{And whoever seeks a religion
other than Islaam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he
will be one of the losers.} [Surah aal-`Imraan (3):85]
**********
But the moment the word Kaafir is mentioned, some people start
believing that we are damning them to Hell. What they fail to realize is that there
are two different issues involved here:
1)
Treating them as Kaafir.
2)
Damning them to Hell.
***
Part 1: Treating them as
Kaafir:
This is part of the worldly affairs and which is again sub-divided
into what a Muslim can do and what he cannot:
A)
What a Muslim can’t do (amongst them are):
a) A Muslim cannot eat their slaughter (with the
exception in the case of the Jews & the Christians). [Surah al-Maaidah (5):
5]
b) Muslim men cannot marry their women (again
with the exception in the case of the Jews & the Christians). [Surah
al-Baqarah (2): 221; and Surah al-Maaidah (5): 5]
c) Kaafir men cannot marry Muslim women. [Surah
al-Baqarah (2): 221; and Surah al-Mumtahinah (60): 10]
d) A Muslim cannot inherit from a Kaafir.
e) A Kaafir cannot inherit from a Muslim. [The
Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم said: ❝A Believer does not inherit from a Kaafir and the Kaafir does
not inherit from the Believer.❞ [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (4283, 6764) and Saheeh Muslim (3928)]
f) A Muslim cannot pray for their forgiveness. [Surah
al-Tawbah (9): 84]
g) They are not allowed to be buried in the
Muslim cemetery. [Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah (8/454) and (9/6-10)]
h) A Muslim cannot say: “Allaah have mercy
on you”, when they sneeze. [The Jews used to sneeze in the presence of the
Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم hoping that he would say:
'Yarhamukumullaah (May Allaah have mercy upon you).' But he صلى الله عليه وسلم
said: ❝Yahdeekumullaahu Wa Yuslihu
Baalakum❞ (May Allaah guide you and rectify your
affairs). [Sunan al-Tirmidhee (2739) and Sunan Abu Dawood (5038) and graded as
“Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
***
B) But
what a Muslim can do:
a) Give them their rights, especially the
rights of the neighbors, even if he/she is a Kaafir. [Surah al-Mumtahinah (60):
8-9]
b) Give them gifts or receive gifts from them
(but avoid receiving or giving gifts on the days of their festivities like
Christmas etc.) [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree, Chapter: Accepting gifts from the
Mushrikeen (2615, 2616, 2617, 2618); Saheeh al-Bukhaaree, Chapter: Giving gifts
to the Mushrikeen (2619, 2620) and Saheeh Muslim (2195)]
c) Teach them about Islaam. [Surah al-Tawbah
(9): 6]
d) Supplicate to Allaah for their guidance.
[Hadeeth of Sunan al-Tirmidhee and Sunan Abu Dawood - already quoted above]
e) Send them food etc. [Same as sending gifts
and the Jewish woman had prepared the poisonous food for the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
from which he ate]
So these are all from the worldly affairs.
***
Part 2: Damning them to Hell:
As for individuals, then we do not and we cannot say anything
about individuals (i.e. so-and-so is in Jannah or so-and-so is in Jahannum)
except as has been mentioned in the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His
Messenger صلى
الله عليه وسلم. This matter is related with the Hereafter
and Allaah will judge them and settle their affairs accordingly. Allaah, in his
Divine Wisdom, will deal with everyone with Justice. Those who did not receive
the Message will be tested on that Day as has been affirmed by the scholars
through various textual evidences. You can read more about this in the link
provided below.
***
So you see the issue is clear regarding their affairs in this
world and that of the Hereafter.
**********
Hypocrites:
Hypocrisy is of two types: Minor and Major.
Minor hypocrisy is also known as the hypocrisy of the actions.
From its signs are: a person who becomes a habitual liar, or betrays the trust,
or uses obscene language when he disputes, or when he behaves differently in
private and in public with regard to obligatory duties etc. Minor hypocrisy is
a means that may lead to Major hypocrisy.
Major hypocrisy is the hypocrisy of one who conceals disbelief
whilst making an outward show of being a Muslim. The hypocrite is the one who
is a disbeliever in his heart but pays lip service to faith outwardly. Hypocrites
are in fact Kaafir. Even though they profess to follow Islaam from outside and
have Muslim names, but their inner self is full of Kufr.
Aayaat 8-16 of Surah al-Baqarah clearly mention the Kufr of the
hypocrites, as Allaah تعالى says:
{And of the people are some who
say, "We believe in Allaah and the Last Day," but they are not
believers} [Surah al-Baqarah (2): 8]
Their only purpose is to deceive Allaah and the Believers, but
they are the ones who are deceived.
{Indeed, the hypocrites will be
in the lowest depths of the Fire - and never will you find for them a helper} [Surah al-Nisaa (4): 145]
When the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم stood to pray Salaah al-Janaazah for the
chief of the hypocrites, Abdullaah Ibn Ubay Ibn Salool, Allaah تعالى revealed the following
Aayah:
{And do not pray [the funeral
prayer, O Muhammad], over any of them who has died - ever - or stand at his
grave.} [Surah al-Tawbah (9): 84]
**********
Ahl al-Kitaab (People of the Book)
are Kaafir and will be ransom for the Believers on the Day of Judgment:
Narrated Abu Moosaa رضي الله عنه: Allaah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
❝On the Day of Judgment, (the
Muslims from) my Ummah will be gathered into three groups, one group will enter
Paradise without rendering an account (of their deeds). Another group will be
reckoned an easy account and admitted into Paradise. Yet another group will
come bearing on their backs heaps of sins like mountains. Allaah تعالى will ask the Angels even though He تعالى knows best about them: ❝{Who are these people?}❞ They will reply: They are
humble slaves of Yours. He تعالى will say: ❝{These
are from my slaves who have not associated partners with me in worship. Unload
the sins from them and put the same over the Jews and the Christians; then let
the humble slaves get into Paradise by virtue of My Mercy.}❞❞
[Mustadrak of al-Haakim (193, 7645, 8794) and he said: It is
Saheeh as per the conditions of Shaikhain; and al-Dhahabee agreed with him.]
***
Abu Musa' reported that Allaah's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
❝When it will be the Day of
Resurrection Allaah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say:
That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.❞
[Saheeh Muslim (6665)]
***
Abu Burda reported on the authority of his father that Allaah's
Apostleصلى
الله عليه وسلم said:
❝No Muslim would die but Allaah
would admit in his stead a Jew or a Christian in Hell-Fire.❞
[Saheeh Muslim (6666)]
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