بـسـم الله والحـمـد لله والـصلاة والـسـلام عــلى رسـول الله، وبـعـد
All praise be to Allaah, and peace and blessings be upon
Prophet Muhammad and his family and his Companions. To proceed:
The reward for `Umrah is great, as the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
said:
العمرة
إلى العمرة كفارة لما بينهما
“From one `Umrah to
another `Umrah is expiation for the (minor) sins committed between
them.” [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (1773) and Saheeh Muslim (2411)]
And Allaah تعالى has increased the reward for the one who
prays in Masjid al-Haraam (in Makkah). The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
said:
صلاة في
مسجدي أفضل من ألف صلاة فيما سواه إلا المسجدَ الحرام، وصلاة في المسجد الحرام
أفضل من مائة ألف صلاة فيما سواه
“One prayer in my Masjid
(Masjid al-Nabawi) is better than one thousand prayers elsewhere, except Masjid
al-Haraam, and one prayer Masjid al-Haraam is better than one hundred thousand
prayers elsewhere” [Sunan Ibn Maajah (1406) on the authority of
Jaabir bin `Abdullaah رضي الله عنهما and graded as Saheeh by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
The following are some of the warnings and guidelines for
the pilgrims:
1. The “Ihraam” is making the intention for
performing the rites; Ihraam is (a state and) not the dress (as some of
the people imagine). The dress (the unstitched lower and upper garment) is worn
(by men) before getting into Ihraam, in preparation for beginning the rituals.
2. The sewn clothes, which are prohibited for the pilgrim
to wear, means anything which is stitched in a way to fit the person’s body or
any part of it, like the undergarments and the outer garments (like shirt,
trouser, thoub etc.). So apart from this, there is no problem if a
person wears a belt, or slippers or something similar which might have some
stitching on it.
3. From the stitched clothes which the women are
prohibited to wear are the face veil and the gloves. It is not allowed for them
to cover their faces with Niqaab. But they should cover their faces with
some other coverings other than the Niqaab. Nor is it allowed for her to
wear the gloves, but if she wants, she can hide her hands with in the sleeves.
Narrated `Abdullaah bin `Umar رضي الله عنهما: A
person stood up and asked: “O Allaah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم!
What clothes may be worn in the state of Ihraam?” The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم replied:
لا
تلبسوا القميص ، ولا السراويلات ، ولا العمائم ، ولا البرانس ، إلا أن يكون أحد
ليست له نعلان فليلبس الخفين ، وليقطع أسفل من الكعبين ، ولا تلبسوا شيئا مسه
الزعفران ولا الورس ، ولا تنتقب المرأة المحرمة ، ولا
تلبس القفازين .
“Do not wear a shirt or trousers, or any headgear (e.g. a
turban), or a hooded cloak; but if somebody has no shoes he can wear leather stockings provided they are cut short off the ankles, and
also, do not wear anything perfumed with wars or saffron, and the Muhrimah (a woman
in the state of Ihraam) should not cover her face, or wear gloves.”
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (1838)]
And from the mistakes is that some of the women believe
that it is permissible for a woman to uncover her face in front of strangers (non-Mahram
men) as long as she is in the state of Ihraam. Rather it is obligatory
for her to cover her face. And from the evidence is the saying of `Aaishah رضي الله عنها:
كان
الركبان يمرون بنا ونحن مع رسول الله صلى
الله عليه وسلم محرمات، فإذا حاذوا بنا أسدلت إحدانا جلبابها على وجهها، فإذا
جاوزونا كشفناه
“Riders would pass us when we accompanied the Apostle
of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم while we were in the sacred state (wearing
ihraam). When they came by us, one of us would let down her outer
garment from her head over her face, and when they had passed on, we would uncover our
faces.” [Sunan Abu Dawood (1833) and graded as “Hasan
li ghairihee” (good due to supporting chains) by Shaikh al-Albaanee in Jilbaab
al-Mar’ah and in al-Mishkaat (2622)]
4. There is no special
color for the Ihraam of the women.
5. Menses and postpartum bleeding do not prevent a woman
from entering into Ihraam. So she too should enter into Ihraam
from the Meeqaat; but she should not do the Tawaaf around the Ka`bah
till she becomes pure again.
6. As for those who want to perform `Umrah are
coming in a flight to Jeddah; it is obligatory for them to enter into Ihraam
in the flight when they are nearing the Meeqaat. But if the one coming
for `Umrah desires to stay in Jeddah for a day or two and then go to
Makkah, it is better for him to hasten with his `Umrah first and then return
back to Jeddah. But if he does not do that, then he should stay in Jeddah with
his Ihraam and when he has finished his work, he should complete his `Umrah
or he should not enter into Ihraam in the first place, and when he
finishes his work in Jeddah, he should go back to the Meeqaat and enter
into Ihraam there.
And as for the one who travelled to Jeddah (for a
business purpose) and he did not intend (from before) to perform `Umrah,
or was reluctant to perform the `Umrah, and then intends to perform the
`Umrah while he is in Jeddah. He should enter into Ihraam while
in Jeddah, because he previously did not intend to perform the `Umrah
except (after arriving) in Jeddah. So in his case the ruling will be like the
people of Jeddah; and the people of Jeddah enter into Ihraam from Jeddah
because they have no Meeqaat.
Narrated Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما: Allaah’s
Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم made Dhul-Huiaifah as the Meeqaat for the people of Madeenah;
Al-Juhfah for the people of Shaam; Qarn-al-Manaazil for the people of Najd; and
Yalamlam for the people of Yemen; and these Mawaaqeet are for the people at
those very places and for those who come thorough those places with the
intention of performing Hajj and `Umrah; and whoever is living within
these boundaries can assume Ihraam from the place he starts, and the
people of Makkah can assume Ihraam from Makkah. [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree
(1524, 1526, 1529, 1530) and Saheeh Muslim (2029, 2030)]
7. The place of intention
is the heart, for it is the determination by the heart. And articulation of the
intention is unlegislated like the saying “O Allaah I intend to perform Hajj”
or “O Allaah I intend to perform `Umrah”. What has been legislated is that one
should declare the Talbiyah:
لبيك اللهم عمرة
Labbaik Allaahumma
`Umrah
Here I am O Allaah
for `Umrah
[Translator’s Note] The
difference between intention and Talbiyah: Some of the scholars said
that Talbiyah is like the opening Takbeer (Takbeerat ul-Ihraam)
in prayer. A person enters the prayer with the Tabkeer, and a pilgrim
enters Ihraam with the Talbiyah. And in both the cases (prayer
and `Umrah/Hajj) the intention precedes them.
Narrated Jaabir bin `Abdullaah رضي الله عنهما: We
came with Allaah’s Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم (to Makkah) and we were saying: 'Labbaika
Allaahumma Labbaik' for Hajj. Allaah’s Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم ordered us to perform `Umrah with that Ihraam
(instead of Hajj). [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (1570) and Saheeh Muslim
(2144)]
8. Uttering the Talbiyah
together, in one voice – which some of the pilgrims while performing Hajj
or `Umrah do – is not proven from the Sunnah of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
or the Companions. The correct way is that every pilgrim should say the Talbiyah
individually.
[Translator’s Note]
Another mistake is that the men do not raise their voice, rather some of them
only whisper. It is for men to raise their voice with the Talbiyah and for
the women to keep their voice low.
9. Allaah تعالى said:
} وأتموا الحج
والعمرة لله {
{And complete the Hajj and the `Umrah for Allaah} [Surah
al-Baqarah (2): 196]
So anyone who enters into the state of Ihraam,
either for Hajj or `Umrah, cannot go back without completing the
rites; except for the one who has been prevented, in this case he should pay
the Fidyah (ransom) (by sacrificing a sheep/goat in Makkah and
distributing its meat amongst the poor in Makkah) to come out of Ihraam.
And as for other than him, then it will be an obligation pending upon him till he
completes its rituals. And if he needs to delay the Tawaaf or the Sa`ee
because of the over whelming crowd or due to tiredness, then there is nothing
wrong with that as long as he stays away from that which are prohibited while
in Ihraam.
10. It is permissible for the pilgrim to use the soap or
other means of cleanliness and creams and ointments as they are not prohibited
in Ihraam, with the condition that they do not pass on the perfume whose
smell is noticeable. And it is also allowed for a pilgrim to use a Siwak
and toothpaste and toothbrush, and the pleasant flavor of the toothpaste does
not harm because it is not a perfume.
11. The pilgrim (either man or a woman) is not obliged to
stay in the same garments, which he has put on, for the entire time of the rituals.
Rather, it is permissible for him to change his garments whenever he wishes,
and it is permissible for him to take a shower for cleanliness (or for cooling
down), as these are not from the factors that break the Ihraam.
12. It is permissible for the woman to comb her hair,
provided that she does not deliberately removes (cuts) her hair. As per the
saying of Asmaa’ bint Abu Bakr رضي الله عنهما:
كنّا نغطي وجوهنا من
الرجال، وكنا نمتشط قبل ذلك في الإحرام
“We used to cover our face in the presence of men, and
we used to comb (our hair) before that in the state of Ihraam.” [al-Haakim
(1668), Ibn Khuzaimah (2690). Al-Haakim said it is “Saheeh”
as per the condition of al-Bukhaaree and Muslim, and al-Dhahabee agreed with
him. Shaikh al-Albaanee also graded this as “Saheeh”
in al-Irwaa al-Ghaleel (1023)]
13. Whoever does an act which is prohibited for a
pilgrim, forgetfully or was unaware (of its rulings), then there is no
expiation upon him as Allaah تعالى said:
} ربنا لا
تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأنا{
{Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error}
[Surah al-Baqarah (2): 286]
And Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما
said: “when this verse was revealed, Allaah تعالى said: “Indeed I did that.”” [Saheeh Muslim (184)]
14. The pilgrim should be
careful that his private parts are not exposed while he is sitting or sleeping.
And he should take care that he wears his lower garment properly so that it
doesn’t loosens up, so that which is below the navel is revealed or the thighs
(groins) gets exposed.
15. As per the majority of the scholars, purification (Wudhu)
is a condition for the correctness of the Tawaaf, except for Sa`ee,
for which Wudhu is not a condition. So whoever does the Sa`ee
without Wudhu, then his Sa`ee is correct and there is nothing
upon him.
16. (الاضطباع) Al-Idhtibaa`, uncovering the right
shoulder (for men), is to be done during the Tawaaf only, neither before
it nor after it. Apart from the Tawaaf, the shoulders should be covered.
[Translator’s Note] Some
people are seen praying the two Raka`aat after the Tawaaf or the
compulsory prayer with their right shoulder still uncovered. This should be
avoided. If in the person is still performing the Tawaaf and the
compulsory prayer has started, he should cover his shoulders and pray with the
congregation. After the prayer, he can uncover his right shoulder and continue
with his Tawaaf.
17. And from the mistakes is the kissing of the Rukn
al-Yamaanee (the Yemeni corner – the uncovered corner preceding the Black
Stone) or pointing (raising) the hand towards it from far away. The Sunnah is
only to touch it with the hand if possible without kissing it; and if not
possible, then one should not point towards it either.
18. If the prayer is established while the person is
still performing the Tawaaf or the Sa`ee, or there is Salaah
al-Janaazah (funeral prayer), he should pray with the congregation and then
resume his Tawaaf or Sa`ee from where he stopped.
19. If a person wants to take some rest or stops to drink
water, or wants to move from the ground floor to the upper floor, or vice
versa, during the Tawaaf or Sa`ee, there is no problem in doing
that.
20. If a person doubts the number of rounds he has done around
the Ka`bah or in Sa`ee; then he should assume that which he is
sure of – i.e. the lesser number. For example, if a person doubts whether he
has completed six rounds or seven, in this case he should assume that he has
done only six rounds and then he should make one more round to complete the
seventh.
21. If possible, a person should try to pray the two Raka`aat
Sunnah prayer after the Tawaaf behind the Maqaam Ibraaheem. And
from the mistakes that some of the pilgrims do is, praying directly behind the Maqaam
when it is crowded, by which they harm others who are doing the Tawaaf (by
obstructing their path). The correct way is to move back as much possible till
he is at a distance from those who are performing the Tawaaf, and makes
the Maqaam inline between him and the Ka`bah. And if he prays in
any other part of Masjid al-Haraam, he will still be rewarded.
22. Two of the mistakes which have become common among
some of the pilgrims in Tawaaf and in Sa`ee by which they burden
themselves are, firstly: designating a specific du`aa for specific round swhich they find in some of the books.
Secondly: A group of pilgrims repeating the du`aa in one loud
voice behind the leader of the group. This is not found in the Sunnah of the
Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم or from the actions of the Companions رضي الله عنهم.
Rather it is another way of harming and disturbing others.
[Translator’s Note] What
is specified in the Sunnah is to say between the two corners (Rukn al-Yamaanee
and Hajr al-Aswad):
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ
حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Rabbanaa aatinaa fid-dunyaa hasanah, wa fil aakhirati
hasanah, wa qinaa `adhaab an-naar
[Reported by Abu Dawood (1892) and graded as “Hasan”
(good) by Shaikh al-Albaanee رحمه الله]
Another mistake that some of the people do is that they
add the following to the above mentioned du`aa:
وأدخلنا في الجنة مع
الأبرار يا عزيز يا غفار
Wa adkhilnaa fee al-Jannata
ma`al-abraar Yaa `Azeezu Yaa Ghaffaar
This addition has no basis and is not allowed because it
is adding to the words of Allaah.
23. Reciting the Aayah:
}إن الصفا والمروة من شعائر الله...{
{Indeed al-Safaa and al-Marwah are from the symbols of
Allaah…} [Surah al-Baqarah (2): 158]
The Sunnah is to recite this Aayah at the beginning of
the Sa`ee only and not at the beginning of every round.
24. It is a Sunnah to raise both the hands while
ascending al-Safaa and al-Marwah, raising them like one does while making du`aa
(i.e. palms facing towards you), and saying in it al-Hamdulillaah and Allaahu
Akbar, and making du`aa to Allaah while facing the Qiblah. From the mistakes is
raising both the hands like in prayer (i.e. palms facing away from you).
25. Some people only cut few hairs from the front and the
back and the two sides of the head. The cutting of hair this way is not
sufficient (for men). What is prescribed is that one should include all the
hair on the head either by shaving them completely or by shortening all of them,
as per the saying of Allaah تعالى:
{محلقين رؤوسكم ومقصرين}
{(some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your head
hair cut short} [Surah al-Fath (48): 27]
26. It is not permissible
to walk in front of a praying person, either he be leading a congregation or
praying alone, except in front of those who are praying in congregation behind
the Imaam (as the Sutrah of the Imaam is sufficient for them as well).
And from the mistakes is being lenient in this matter in
al-Masjid al-Haraam. The person who wants to pray should move away from the
people’s path, and he should make a Sutrah (between him and the Ka`bah), praying
facing it, and standing closer to it, like a wall or a pillar or shelves for
the Qur’aan or something similar. It doesn’t affect his prayer by the people
walking beyond the Sutrah.
27. And it is not from the guidance of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
or his Companions or the Taabi`een to repeat the `Umrah after reaching Makkah.
[Translator’s Note] From
the mistakes is that some people (men and women) go to Tan`eem (Masjid `Aaishah) and put
on a new Ihraam to perform another `Umrah. The scholars say that
this was an exception for `Aaishah رضي الله عنها only. Her brother who accompanied her to
that place, did not assume the Ihraam, nor did the other Companions did
this after her.
O Allaah! Give us the understanding of the Deen, and make
us see the truth as truth and allow us to follow it; and make us see falsehood
as falsehood and allow us to shun it.
No comments:
Post a Comment