بسم الله والحمد لله
والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ، وبعد
Al-Qadaa wal-Qadr (Divine Ordainment and
Predetermination)
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
The sixth fundamental from the fundamentals of Imaan is
to: ❝Believe in al-Qadr, the good of it and the bad of it, that
all of it is from Allaah تبارك وتعالى.❞
Shaikh `Abdul-Razzaaq Ibn
`Abdul Mohsin al-Badr explained:
The belief in al-Qadr is the believe about the `Ilm
(knowledge) of Allaah تبارك وتعالى
which is eternal [1], which
preceded even before the things were created [2],
and that He تعالى encompasses everything in His Knowledge, and has enumerated
all things in number.
And it is to believe that He تبارك وتعالى wrote what was
ordained for the creation and their actions, fifty thousand years before He
created the heavens and the earth.
And it is to believe in the Will of Allaah عز وجل, and that whatever
Allaah wills will happen, and what He does not will will not happen.
And it is to believe that Allaah عز وجل created everything.
So the believe in al-Qadr consists of four pillars:
1) The belief in the absolute knowledge of Allaah.
2) The belief that Allaah has written all matters that
would ever occur in a preserved tablet (Al-Lawh ul-Mahfudh).
3) The belief that nothing occurs except by the Will of
Allaah.
4) The belief that Allaah has created everything.
These four are the pillars of the belief in al-Qadr, and
no one believes in al-Qadr till he believes in all these four pillars.
1. The first level: The Knowledge: The belief in Allaah’s `Ilm and
that He تعالى knew from eternal about the things that already happened,
and that which will happen, and that which will not happen, and if it happened,
how it would have happened, and that He تعالى encompasses everything
in His Knowledge, and has enumerated all things in number.
﴿أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ
اللَّـهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾
{Know you not that Allah
knows all that is in heaven and on earth?...} [Surah al-Hajj (22):
70]
2. The second level: The
Writing: The belief in the writing down of this knowledge; that Allaah عز وجل has written down what
has been ordained for the creation and all what they would do.
﴿إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ فِي كِتَابٍ
ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّـهِ يَسِيرٌ﴾
{…Verily, it is (all) in
the Book (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfoodh). Verily! That is easy for Allaah.} [Surah
al-Hajj (22): 70]
And in a Hadeeth, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Allaah wrote what was ordained for creation, fifty
thousand years before the creation of the heavens and the earth.”
[Saheeh Muslim (6416)]
And in another Hadeeth, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: ❝The
first thing Allaah created was the pen. He تعالى said to it: {Write.} It asked:
What should I write, my Lord? He تعالى said: {Write what was decreed about everything till the Last
Hour comes}.❞ [Sunan Abu Dawood (4700) and Sunan al-Tirmidhee
(2155, 3319) and graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
So the pen wrote all that would take place till the Day
of Judgment.
3. The third level: The
Will of Allaah: The belief in the Will of Allaah; that all things are under
the Will of Allaah. Whatever Allaah wills will happen, and whatever He does not
will will not happen.
﴿وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا
أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّـهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾
{And you will not (will),
unless (it be) that Allaah wills, the Lord of the `Aalameen} [Surah
al-Takweer (81): 29]
We believe in the Will of Allaah which is carried out (amongst
His creation), and in His absolute and complete power and ability, and that
nothing happens in the Kingdom of Allaah except as He wills and intends.
4. The fourth level: Allaah
created everything: The belief that Allaah تعالى created everything and brought them into
existence.
﴿وَاللَّـهُ خَلَقَكُمْ
وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ﴾
{While Allaah created you and that which you do?}
[Surah al-Saaffaat (37): 96]
﴿اللَّـهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ
شَيْءٍ﴾
{Allaah is the Creator of all things} [Surah
al-Zumar (39): 62]
These are the four levels of faith in al-Qadr, and one
has no faith in al-Qadr till he believes in all of them.
Some of the benefits on belief in al-Qadr:
The belief in al-Qadr and confirming the faith that all
good and bad are from Allaah تعالى
generate the following benefits in the servant of Allaah:
1. Makes a person more devoted and obedient to Allaah عز وجل.
2. Makes him to have complete Tawakkul (trust) in Allaah.
3. Makes him to have high hope in Allaah.
4. Makes him to turn towards Allaah and beseech Him more
and more to keep him firm (upon the Deen).
5. Makes him to constantly rectify his heart and not
deviate (by becoming overconfident over his good deeds) because the matter is
in Allaah’s Hands (and He تعالى
can flip the heart whenever He wants).
The belief in al-Qadr has great benefits and
Narrated `Alee رضي الله عنه: While the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was in a funeral
procession, he picked up something and started scraping the ground with it, and
said: ❝There is none among you but has his place written for him
either in the Hell Fire or in Paradise.❞ They
said: “O Allaah's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم!
Shall we not depend upon what has been written for us and give up deeds?” He صلى الله عليه وسلم said:
❝Carry on doing (good) deeds, for everybody will find easy
to do such deeds as will lead him to his destined place for which he has been
created. So he who is destined to be among the happy (in the Hereafter), will
find it easy to do the deeds which is the characteristic of such people, while
he who is destined to be among the miserable ones, will find it easy to do the
deeds which is characteristic of such people.❞ Then he صلى الله عليه وسلم recited:
{As for him who gives (in charity) and fears
Allaah, and believes in the best....} [till
the end of Aayah no. 10] [Surah al-Layl (92): 5-10]
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (1362, 4945, 4946, 4947, 4948, 4949)
and Saheeh Muslim (6398, 6400)]
So the slave (of Allaah) should adhere to what is
beneficial for him in this world and the hereafter, and that he should seek the
help of his Lord, and rely upon Him, and seek His support, help, success and (that
He guides him towards) the correct direction, as the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: ❝Adhere
to that which is beneficial for you. Keep asking Allaah for help and do not feel
helpless.❞ [Saheeh Muslim (6441)]
Source:
[Sharh al-Duroos al-Muhimmah of Shaikh Ibn Baaz by
Shaikh `Abdul-Razzaaq al-Badr Pg. 69-71]
[1] The `Ilm (knowledge)
is one of the Attributes of Allaah which is absolute, eternal and not created. It
is the perfect `Ilm which is not preceded by ignorance nor is it followed up by
forgetfulness.
Human beings gain knowledge with the passage of time
either through experience or through learning. Their knowledge is limited and
imperfect, which is preceded by ignorance and is followed up by forgetfulness.
[2] Allaah’s
knowledge encompasses everything. He knows what has occurred, what will occur
and all that which has not occurred. He knew everything about His creation even
before He created it and He knew about the events even before their occurrence.
More from Shaikh Ibn al-`Uthaymeen رحمه الله:
Further detailed study on al-Qadr:
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