بسم الله والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ، وبعد
Summary:
2. Anyone who died while he had a debt to repay, will be detained from entering Paradise.
3. The Prophet ﷺ refused to offer funeral prayer for the one who died without repaying debt or not leaving behind anything with which to repay the debt. The only other time the Prophet ﷺ and his Ummah have been prohibited to pray is for the Kuffaar. This is another clear indication of the importance of Huqooq al-`Ibaad (rights of the creation), and the severity of not repaying debts.
4. On the Day of Judgment, there will be no Deenar or Dirham to repay debt with. The matter will be decided through the exchanging of good deeds and bad deeds.
5. The Person, who is in debt, should pay off his debts before he can give money in charity.
6. The inheritance is not to be distributed to the heirs till the debt is paid off first. Just in two Ayaat, Allaah تعالى reminded four times about this in His Book.
Narration #1
It was narrated that Muhammad Ibn Jahsh رضي
الله عنه said: We were sitting with the
Messenger of Allaah ﷺ when he raised his
head toward the sky, and put his palm on his forehead, then he said: ❝Sub-haan Allaah! What a stern
warning has been revealed!❞ We fell silent
and were scared. The following day I asked him: “O Messenger of Allaah, what is
this stern warning that has been revealed?” He ﷺ
said: ❝By the One in Whose hand is my
soul, if a man were to be killed in the cause of Allaah then brought back to
life, then killed, but he owed a debt, he would not enter paradise until his
debt was paid off.❞
[Sunan al-Nasaa’ee (4684) and graded as “Hasan” by Shaikh
al-Albaanee]
Narration #2
It was narrated that Abu Hurairah رضي
الله عنه said: A man came to the Prophet ﷺ while he ﷺ was delivering a Khutbah from the Minbar, and he (the
man) said: “If I fight in the cause of Allaah with patience and seeking reward,
facing the enemy and not running away, do you think that Allaah will forgive my
sins?” He ﷺ said: ❝Yes.❞ Then he ﷺ fell silent for a while. Then he ﷺ said: ❝Where is the one who was asking
just now?❞ The man said: “Here
I am.” He ﷺ said: ❝What did you ask (earlier)?❞ The man said: “If I fight in the cause of Allaah
with patience and seeking reward, facing the enemy and not running away, do you
think that Allaah will forgive my sins?” He ﷺ said: ❝Yes,
except for debt. Jibreel told me that just now.❞
[Sunan al-Nasaa’ee (3155) and graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh
al-Albaanee]
Narration #3
Abu Qataadah رضي الله عنه
said that the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ
stood up among them (his Companions) to deliver his sermon in which he told
them that Jihaad in the way of Allaah and belief in Allaah (with all His
Attributes) are the most meritorious of acts. A man stood up and said: “O
Messenger of Allaah! Do you think that if I am killed in the way of Allaah, my
sins will be blotted out from me?” The Messenger of Allaah ﷺ said: ❝Yes!
If you are killed in the way of Allaah and you were patient and sincere, and
facing the enemy and not turning your back (fleeing) in retreat.❞ [Then he ﷺ
fell silent for a while.] Then he ﷺ asked: ❝What
did you say (earlier)?❞ The man asked
(again): “Do you think if I am killed in the way of Allaah, all my sins will be
obliterated from me?” The Messenger of Allaah ﷺ
said: ❝Yes! If you are killed in the
way of Allaah and you were patient and sincere, and facing the enemy and not
turning your back (fleeing) in retreat (all your lapses would be forgiven)
except for debt. Jibreel has told me this (just now).❞
[Saheeh Muslim (1885) and Sunan al-Nasaa’ee (3156, 3157, 3158)]
Narration #4
It has been reported on the authority of `Abdullaah Ibn `Amr Ibn
al-`Aas رضي الله عنهما that the Messenger of
Allaah ﷺ said: ❝All
the sins of a Shaheed (martyr) are forgiven except debt.❞
[Saheeh Muslim (1886]
Narration #5
`Abdullaah Ibn Abee Qataadah narrated from his father that a man
was brought to the Prophet ﷺ for him to offer the
funeral prayer, and he ﷺ said: ❝Pray for your companion, for he
owes a debt.❞ Abu Qataadah رضي الله عنه said: “I will pay it.” The Prophet ﷺ said: ❝In
full?❞ He said: “In full.” So he ﷺ prayed for him.
[Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1069), Sunan al-Nasaa’ee (1960, 4692), Sunan
Ibn Maajah (2407) and graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
Narration #6
Narrated Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa` رضي الله
عنه: Once, while we were sitting in the company of Prophet ﷺ, a deceased man was brought. The Prophet ﷺ was requested to lead the funeral prayer
for the deceased. He ﷺ said: ❝Is he in debt?❞ The people replied in the negative. He ﷺ said: ❝Has he left any wealth?❞ They said: “No.”
So, he ﷺ led his funeral prayer. Another dead man
was brought and the people said: “O Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ! Lead his funeral prayer.” The Prophet ﷺ said: ❝Is
he in debt?❞ They said: “Yes.”
He ﷺ said: ❝Has
he left any wealth?❞ They said, “Three
Deenaars.” So, he ﷺ led the prayer. Then
a third dead man was brought and the people said (to the Prophet ﷺ): “Please lead his funeral prayer.” He ﷺ said: ❝Has
he left any wealth?❞ They said: “No.”
He ﷺ asked: ❝Is
he in debt?❞ They said: “(Yes! He has to pay)
three Deenaars.’ He ﷺ (refused to pray and)
said: ❝Then pray for your (dead)
companion.❞ Abu Qataadah رضي الله عنه said: “O Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ! Lead his funeral prayer, and I will pay
his debt.” So, he ﷺ led the prayer.
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2289, 2295)]
Narration #7
Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه:
Whenever a dead man in debt was brought to Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ he would ask: “Has he left anything to repay his debt?” If he
was informed that he had left something to repay his debts, he ﷺ would offer his funeral prayer, otherwise
he (would not offer the funeral prayer and) would tell the Muslims to offer
their friend’s funeral prayer. When Allaah made the Prophet ﷺ wealthy through conquests, he ﷺ said: ❝I
am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so
if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt,
and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2298, 6731) and Saheeh Muslim]
[TN: When the Muslims were in poverty, and if a person died while
he was in debt and didn’t leave behind anything with which to repay the debt,
the Prophet ﷺ would not offer the
funeral prayer till someone, like Abu Qataadah رضي
الله عنه and others would undertake to repay the debt on behalf of the
deceased. But when the Muslims got rich and when there was funds in Bait
al-Maal (Treasury), the Prophet ﷺ himself undertook the
responsibility of repaying the debts on behalf of the deceased.]
Narration #8
Jaabir رضي الله عنه narrated: A person
had passed away, so we washed him, perfumed him, shrouded him, then we brought
him to the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ so that he offers the
(funeral) prayer for him. We said: “Will you pray for him?” He ﷺ drew a line and said: ❝Is he in debt?❞ We said: “He owes two Deenaars.” So he ﷺ
moved on (without praying). So, Abu Qataadah رضي الله
عنه agreed to repay the debt.
So, we brought the corpse (to the Prophet ﷺ)
and Abu Qataadah said: “I undertake to repay these two Deenaars.” The Messenger
of Allaah ﷺ said: ❝(You
vow to pay) the creditor, and the deceased is free from the debt of these (two
Deenaars)?❞. He said: “Yes.” So, the Prophet ﷺ offered the funeral prayer. After a day
had passed, he ﷺ said: ❝What did you do with these two
Deenaars?❞ He said: “He has only died yesterday!” So, he
returned to him the next day, and Abu Qataadah said: “I have repaid the debt.”
The Messenger of Allaah ﷺ said: ❝Only now has his skin been made
to cool down.❞
[Musnad Ahmad (14536) and graded as “Hasan” by Shaikh al-Albaanee
in al-Irwa (1416)]
Narration #9
Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه
narrated that the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ
said: ❝The soul of the believer is
attached to his debt until it is paid off.❞
[Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1078, 1079) and Sunan Ibn Maajah (2413) and
graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
Narration #10
Narrated Thawbaan رضي الله عنه
that the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ said: ❝Whoever’s soul departs from his
body while he is free of three: Kibr (arrogance), Ghulul (stealing from spoils
of war), and debt, then he will enter paradise.❞
[Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1572) and Sunan Ibn Maajah (2412) and graded
as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee. In Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1573), there is:
“Kanz (buried treasure)” instead of Kibr, and this narration has been graded as
“Shaadh” (irregular, i.e., when a Thiqah (reliable) narrator contradicts
another narrator stronger than him) by Shaikh al-Albaanee. See al-Saheehah
(2785)]
Narration #11
Samurah Ibn Jundub رضي الله عنه
said: The Prophet ﷺ led us in Fajr
prayer, then he ﷺ said: ❝Is here any one of such and such
tribe present?❞ They said: “Yes.” He ﷺ
said: ❝Your companion has been detained
at the gate of Paradise [In another narration: he has been detained from entering Paradise] because of his debt.❞
[Musnad Ahmad (20124, 20157, 20222), and graded as “Saheeh” by
Shaikh al-Albaanee in al-Saheehah (3415)]
Narration #12
Narrated Samurah رضي الله عنه:
The Messenger of Allaah ﷺ addressed us and
said: ❝Is here any one of such and such
tribe present?❞ But no one
replied. He ﷺ again asked: ❝Is here any one of such and such
tribe present?❞ But no one
replied. He ﷺ again asked: ❝Is here any one of such and such
tribe?❞ Then a man stood and said: “I am (here), Messenger of Allaah.” He
ﷺ said: ❝What prevented you from
replying the first two times? I only want to say something good concerning you
(your tribe). Your companion was detained (from entering Paradise) because of
his debt. Then I saw him (again) and that someone paid all off his debt on his
behalf and there remained no one to demand from him anything.❞
[Sunan Abu Dawood (3341), and graded as “Hasan” by Shaikh
al-Albaanee. See Ahkaam al-Janaaiz (1/15) and al-Irwa (6/109). In one narration
from Musnad Ahmad (20231) that the Prophet ﷺ
said: ❝Then I saw his family and those
who grieved for him repaid the debt on his behalf and there remained no one to
demand anything from him.❞]
Narration #13
Sa`d Ibn al-Atwal رضي الله عنه
narrated that his brother died, leaving behind three hundred Dirham and
dependents. I wanted to spend (his money) on his dependents, but the Prophet ﷺ said: ❝Your
brother is being detained by his debt, so pay it off for him.❞ He said: “O Messenger of Allaah ﷺ, I have paid it off apart from two
Deenaar, which a woman is claiming but she has no proof.” He ﷺ said: ❝Give
them to her for she is telling the truth.❞
[Sunan Ibn Maajah (2433) and graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh
al-Albaanee. See ahkaam al-Janaaiz (1/15)]
Narration #14
It was narrated from `Abdullaah Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنهما that the Messenger of Allaah ﷺ said: ❝Whoever
dies owing a Deenaar or a Dirham (in debt), it will be paid back from his good
deeds, because then there will be no Deenaar or Dirham (on that Day).❞
[Sunan Ibn Maajah (2414), Musnad Ahmad (5385, 5544) and graded as
“Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee. See al-Irwa (2318), and al-Saheehah (437)]
Narration #15
Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه:
Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ said: ❝Whoever has oppressed another
person concerning his reputation or anything else, let him ask him now for his
pardon, before (the Day of Resurrection) when there will be no money (to
compensate for wrong deeds), but if he has good deeds, those good deeds will be
taken from him according to his oppression which he has done, and if he has no
good deeds, the sins of the oppressed person will be loaded on him.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2449, 6534)]
Narration #16
Imaam al-Bukhaaree رحمه الله
said in his Saheeh: “Whoever gives in charity and he himself or his family are
in need or in debt, the payment of debts has precedence over giving in charity or
setting a slave free, or giving presents to others, for in such case his act of
charity will not be accepted, and that person has no right to waste the people’s
property. And the Prophet ﷺ said:
❝Allaah
will destroy the person who takes other’s wealth with the intention of wasting
it.❞ But if one is
known for his patience and prefers others to himself while he himself is in
need, as Abu Bakr did when he gave all his property in charity, it is permissible.
Similarly, the Ansaar gave preference to the emigrants over themselves. And the
Prophet had forbidden the wasting of wealth, so, a person has no right to waste
other’s wealth by spending it in charity.”
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2/112), Kitaab al-Zakaah (24), Chapter (18)]
In Surah al-Nisaa’, just in two Ayaat, Allaah تعالى reminds four times that the
inheritance is to be distributed only after the debt has been settled:
مِن
بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ
{(The
distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies he may have
bequeathed or (repaying of) debts}
[Surah al-Nisaa’ (4); 11-12]
Narration #17
Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه:
The Prophet ﷺ
said: ❝Whoever
takes the money from the people with the intention of repaying it, Allaah will
repay it on his behalf, and whoever takes it in order to waste it, then Allaah
will waste (destroy) him.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2387)]
Narration #18
Sa`eed Ibn Zaid Ibn `Amr Ibn Nufail رضي
الله عنها reported that Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ said: ❝He
who wrongly took a span of land, Allaah shall make him carry around his neck
seven earths.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2452) and Saheeh Muslim (1610)]
Narration #19
Abu Salamah رضي الله عنه narrated that there was between him and his people some dispute
over a piece of land, so he came to `Aa'ishah رضي الله
عنها and mentioned that to her, whereupon she said: “O Abu Salamah,
abstain from getting this land, for Allaah’s Messenger ﷺ said: ❝He
who usurps even a span of land would be made to wear around his neck seven
earths.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2453, 3195) and Saheeh Muslim (1612)]
Narration #20
Salim narrated from his father (i.e. `Abdullaah Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنهما): The Prophet ﷺ said: ❝Whoever
takes a piece of the land of others unjustly, he will sink down the seven earths
on the Day of Resurrection.❞
[Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2454, 3196)]
No comments:
Post a Comment