The Chapter on Sutrah (Screen)
بـسـم الله والحـمـد لله والـصلاة والـسـلام عــلى رسـول الله، وبـعـد
Imaam al-Bukhaaree رحمه الله said:
Book of Prayer: Chapter:
The Sutrah of the Imaam is also the Sutrah for those behind him [1]
Narrated
Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما: “Once
I came riding a she-ass when I had just attained the age of puberty. Allaah’s
Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم
was offering the prayer at Minaa with no wall in front of him[2] and
I passed in front of some of the row. There I dismounted and let my she-ass
loose to graze and entered the row and nobody objected to me about it.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (76, 493, 861) and Saheeh Muslim (785)]
Narrated
Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنهما: “Whenever
Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم
came out on 'Eid day, he used to order that a Harbah (a short spear) to
be planted in front of him (as a Sutrah
for his prayer) and then he used to pray facing it with the people behind him
and (he صلى الله عليه وسلم)
used to do the same while on a journey. After the Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم, this practice was
adopted by the Muslim rulers (who followed his traditions).” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (494) and Saheeh Muslim (778)]
Narrated
`Aun bin Abi Juhaifah: I heard my father saying: “The Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم led us, and prayed a
two-Rak`aat Dhuhr prayer and then a two-Rak`aat `Asr prayer at Al-Bathaa’ with
an `Anzah (spear) (planted) in front of him (as a Sutra) while women and
donkeys were passing in front of him (beyond that `Anzah).” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (495) and Saheeh Muslim (784)]*
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
Because the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
did not order the people to take a Sutrah
behind their Imaam.
[2] The obvious meaning is that he صلى الله عليه وسلم
prayed without a Sutrah, and this is
evidence that the Sutrah is “Mustahib”
(desirable - and not obligatory). And in it (there is evidence also) that the
passing of donkeys and dogs in between the rows does not affect the prayer. And
in it (there is evidence) that a person can pray facing the spear (which is
planted in the direction of the Qiblah).
* These
three Ahaadeeth are evidence enough that the Sutrah of the Imaam is sufficient, and it is also the Sutrah of those behind him. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
did not object to the actions of Ibn `Abbaas, even though he صلى الله
عليه وسلم used to see them
from behind his back (and this was one of the miracles given to him صلى الله عليه وسلم
by Allaah تعالى). And also
it is evident that a spear is sufficient, as well as that the Sutrah is of the Imaam is sufficient for
those behind him. And it is the Sunnah that the Imaam or the one praying
individually should pray facing the Sutrah.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: The distance between the praying person and the Sutrah
Narrated
Sahl (bin Sa`d) رضي الله عنه: “The
distance between the Musallaa of Allaah's Apostle صلى الله
عليه وسلم and the wall was
just sufficient for a sheep to pass through.” [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (496) and
Saheeh Muslim (791)] [1]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
i.e. the distance between the head, of the one praying while he is prostrating,
and the Sutrah, so that he does not collide
with the Sutrah.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Using the Harbah as the Sutrah
Narrated
`Abdullaah (Ibn `Umar) رضي الله عنهما:
“The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
used to get a Harbah[1] (spear) planted in front of him (as a Sutrah), and pray behind it.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (498)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
The word Harbah and `Anzah both mean the same, i.e. spear.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Sutrah for the prayer in
Makkah and elsewhere [1]
Narrated
Abu Juhaifah رضي الله عنه: “Allaah's
Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم
came out at midday and offered a two-Rak`aat Dhuhr and `Asr prayers at Al-Bathaa’
and an `Anza was planted in front of him (as a Sutrah). He performed ablution and the people took the remaining
water left after his ablution and rubbed their bodies with it.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (501)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
Makkah is like other places; in it too Sutrah is required. But about the Haram,
there is a difference of opinion. Sahikh Ibn Baaz said: Sutrah is not required
there because of the overcrowding, and Ibn al-Zubair رضي الله
عنه used to pray in Masjid al-Haram
without the Sutrah and the people used to pass in front of him.
It
was asked to the Shaikh: What about when a woman passes in front of the praying
person?
To
which the Shaikh replied: Even if the woman passes (the prayer is not affected),
and following the Salaf (the pious predecessors) has more precedence (than
one’s own opinion). And if it easy for a person to pray behind a pillar in the
Haram, then he should do so.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Facing the pillars while praying
Narrated
Yazeed bin Al-`Ubaid: I used to accompany Salamah bin Al-Akwaa` رضي الله عنه and he used to pray behind the pillar which was near the
place where the Qur’aan were kept. I said: “O Abu Muslim! I see you always
seeking to pray behind this pillar.” He replied: “I saw Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم always seeking to pray near that pillar.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (502) and Saheeh Muslim (793)]
Narrated
Anas رضي الله عنه: “I
saw the most famous people amongst the companions of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
hurrying towards the pillars at the Maghrib prayer before the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
came for the prayer.” [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (503)]
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Offering non-congregational prayers between pillars
Narrated
Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنهما:
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
entered the Ka`bah along with Usamah bin Zaid, `Uthmaan bin Talhah and Bilaal
and remained there for a long time. When they came out, I was the first man to
enter the Ka`bah. I asked Bilaal “Where did the Prophet pray?” Bilaal replied,
“Between the two front pillars.” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (504) and Saheeh Muslim
(2368)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
If there is overcrowding, then there is no problem in praying between the
pillars.
The
whole ka`bah is the place of worship. So whoever enters it, then it is a Sunnah
to offer two Rak`aat and make the remembrance of Allaah.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Facing the mount, camel, tree or saddle
Narrated Nafi` that Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنهما
said: “The Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم used to make his she-camel sit across and he
would pray facing it (as a Sutrah).”
I asked, "What would the Prophet do if the she-camel was provoked and
moved?" He said, “He would take its camel-saddle and put it in front of him
and pray facing its back part (as a Sutrah).
And Ibn 'Umar used to do the same.” (This indicates that one should not pray
except behind a Sutra). [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree
(507)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
All these can be used as Sutrah, while travelling or residing.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Facing the bed while praying
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: “Do you make us (women) equal to dogs and donkeys? While I
used to lie in my bed, the Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم would come and pray facing the middle of the
bed. I used to consider it not good to stand in front of him in his prayers. So
I used to slip away slowly and quietly from the foot of the bed till I got out
of my guilt.” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree
(508) and Saheeh Muslim (800)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
The passing of the woman (across the praying person) annuls the prayer, while
her staying in one place (in front of the praying person) does not annul it.
(And from this it is understood that) `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها did not know about the Hadeeth
of annulling of prayer (by the passing of a woman or a dog or a donkey); and
that is why she acted according to her understanding.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Passing in front of praying person
Narrated Abu Saaleh As-Samman: I saw Abu Sa`eed
Al-Khudree رضي الله عنه praying on a Friday, behind
something which acted as a Sutrah. A
young man from Bani Abi Mu`ait, wanted to pass in front of him, but Abu Sa`eed
repulsed him with a push on his chest. Finding no alternative he again tried to
pass but Abu Sa`eed pushed him with a greater force. The young man abused Abu
Sa`eed and went to Marwaan and lodged a complaint against Abu Sa`eed and Abu Sa`eed
followed the young man to Marwaan who asked him: “O Abu Sa`eed! What has
happened between you and the son of your brother?” Abu Sa`eeid said to him: “I
heard the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم saying: “If anybody amongst you is praying behind something as a Sutrah and somebody tries to pass in
front of him, then he should repulse him and if he refuses, he should use force
against him for he is a Shaitaan.”” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (509, 3275) and
Saheeh Muslim (787, 788)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
i.e. push him till he changes his path.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Sin of passing in front of praying person
Narrated Busr bin Sa`eed that Zaid bin Khaalid
sent him to Abi Juhaim رضي الله عنه to ask him what he had heard
from Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم about a person passing in
front of another person who was praying. Abu Juhaim replied: “Allaah's Apostle said, “If the person who passes in
front of another person in prayer knew the magnitude of his sin he would prefer
to wait for 40 (days, months or years) rather than to pass in front of him.”
Abu An-Nadr (one of the sub-narrators) said: “I do not remember exactly whether
he said 40 days, months or years.”[1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree
(510) and Saheeh Muslim (790)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
In one narration it is mentioned 40 years.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Facing the praying person while praying
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: The things which annul the prayers were mentioned before me.
They said, “Prayer is annulled by a dog, a donkey and a woman (if they pass in
front of the praying people).” I said, "You have made us (i.e. women)
dogs. I saw the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم praying
while I used to lie in my bed between him and the Qiblah. Whenever I was in
need of something, I would slip away, for I disliked to face him.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (511)]
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Praying behind a sleeping person [1]
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: “The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to
pray while I was sleeping across in his bed in front of him. Whenever he wanted
to pray Witr, he would wake me up and I would pray Witr.” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (512, 997) and Saheeh Muslim (797)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
In this Hadeeth there is a benefit: It is desirable that a person cares for his
family (by enjoining prayers upon them) even if it is optional prayers. As
Allaah تعالى says:
{And enjoin As-Salaat (the prayers) on your family, and
be patient in offering them} [Surah Taahaa (20):132]
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Praying Nawaafil (optional) prayers behind a sleeping woman
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: the wife of the Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم: “I used to sleep in front of Allaah's Apostle with my legs opposite
his Qiblah (facing him); and whenever he prostrated, he pushed my feet and I
withdrew them and whenever he stood, I stretched them.” `Aaishah added: “In
those days there were no lamps in the houses.” [1] [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (513) and Saheeh Muslim (801)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
There are benefits in this (Hadeeth):
a.
The permissibility of praying behind a sleeping person.
b.
The permissibility of lying down of woman in front of her husband.
c.
And in it there is evidence that touching a woman does not nullify the ablution
and this is the best opinion, even if this touching is with desires. The
Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
kissed some of his wives and went to prayer, without performing ablution*. This was reported by (Imaam) Ahmad (in his
Musnad) on the authority of `Aaishah with a good chain. And this is a proof
that the ablution does not break even if it done with desire.
* This Hadeeth was also reported by Tirmidhee (86)
and Ibn Maajah (502) and graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee. So these two
authentic Ahaadeeth – touching the feet of `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها, and kissing some his
wives before prayer – are evidence that the ablution is not nullified by
touching a woman.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: On the one who says: “Nothing annul one’s prayer”
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: The
things which annul prayer were mentioned before me (and those were): a dog, a
donkey and a woman. I said: “You have compared us (women) to donkeys and dogs.
By Allaah! I saw the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم praying while I used to
lie in (my) bed between him and the Qiblah. Whenever I was in need of
something, I disliked sitting and troubling the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. So, I would slip away by
the side of his feet.”[1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (514)]
Narrated `Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: “Allaah's
Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم used to get up at night and pray while I used
to lie across between him and the Qiblah on his family's bed.” [2] [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (515)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
This is from her understanding, and hidden from her was the Sunnah that a
woman, a black dog, and a donkey can annul the prayer.
* The Hadeeth “Nothing annuls one’s prayer” is
weak. [See “al-Dha`eefah” (5661) of Shaikh al-Albaanee]. Imaam al-Bukhaaree
only mentioned it as a chapter heading, and did not attribute the Hadeeth to
the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم
[2]
(`Aaishah رضي الله عنها)
understood by this that nothing annuls the prayer. But what is right is that
the passing (of the woman) annuls the prayer, but her being in front of him
does not annul it.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Carrying a small girl while praying
Narrated Abu Qataadah Al-Ansaaree رضي الله عنه: “Allaah's Apostle صلى الله
عليه وسلم was praying and he was
carrying Umaamah, the daughter of Zainab, the daughter of Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم and she was the daughter of `Aas bin Rabee`ah
bin `Abdu-Shams. When he prostrated, he put her down and when he stood, he
carried her (on his neck).” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (516) and Saheeh Muslim (849)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
In this there are benefits:
a.
Humility of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم.
b.
Leniency in this religion.
c.
Things like this do not affect the prayer, like carrying one’s belonging with
him fearing it might get stolen.
d.
A few individual movements do not affect the prayer as has been mentioned in
the Hadeeth. But more successive movements do annul the prayer.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Facing a bed carrying a menstruating woman
Narrated Maimoonah bint Al-Haarith رضي الله عنها: “My bed was beside the praying place (Musallaa)
of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and sometimes his garment fell on me while I
used to lie in my bed.” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (517)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
This Hadeeth is the proof that one can pray next to a menstruating woman; and
it does not affect the prayer even if his clothes were to touch her.
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: Touching or pushing the wife in order to prostrate
Narrated
`Aaishah رضي الله
عنها: “It is not good that you
people have made us (women) equal to dogs and donkeys. No doubt I saw Allaah's
Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم praying while I
used to lie between him and the Qiblah and when he wanted to prostrate, he
pushed my legs and I withdrew them.” [1] [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (519)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
This Hadeeth is repeated. The author (Imaam al-Bukhaaree) explains and deduces
(more than one point from the same Hadeeth).
Book of Prayer:
Chapter: A woman removing troublesome things from a praying person
Narrated
`Amr bin Maimoon that `Abdullaah bin Mas`ood رضي الله
عنه said: “While Allaah’s Apostle صلى الله
عليه وسلم was praying beside the Ka`bah, there were some Quraish
people sitting in a gathering. One of them said, ‘Don't you see this (who does
deeds just to show off)? Who amongst you can go and bring the dung, blood and
the abdominal contents (intestines, etc) of the slaughtered camels of the
family of so and so and then wait till he prostrates and put that in between
his shoulders?’ The most unfortunate amongst them (`Uqbah bin Abi Mu`eet) went
(and brought them) and when Allaah's Apostle صلى الله
عليه وسلم prostrated, he put them between his shoulders. The
Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم remained in
prostration and they laughed so much so that they fell on each other. A
passerby went to Fatmah, who was a young girl in those days. She came running
and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was still in
prostration. She removed them and cursed upon the Quraish on their faces. When
Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم completed his
prayer, he said: “O Allaah! Take revenge on
Quraish.” He said so thrice and added, “O
Allaah! Take revenge on `Amr bin Hishaam, `Utbah bin Rabee`ah, Shaiba bin Rabee`ah,
Al-Waleed bin `Utbah, Umaiyah bin Khalaf, `Uqbah bin Abi Mu`eet and `Umaarah
bin Al-Waleed.”[1] `Abdullaah added: “By Allaah! I saw all of them
dead in the battle field on the day of Badr and they were dragged and thrown in
the Qaleeb (a well) at Badr. Allaah's Apostle صلى الله
عليه وسلم then said, “Allaah's
curse has descended upon the people of the Qaleeb (well).” [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (240, 520) and Saheeh Muslim (3355)]
Shaikh Ibn Baaz رحمه الله said:
[1]
This shows their evilness and that they harmed the Prophet صلى الله
عليه وسلم.
* In this there are benefits:
a.
The impurity, which a person does not know about, does not affect his prayer.
His prayer is correct even if he has doubt.
b.
The sacrifice of the pagans is impure.
Reference:
الحلل
الإبريزية من التعليقات البازية على صحيح البخاري
Few Fataawa on Sutrah:
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