بسم الله
والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله
، وبعد
In continuation of the previous post: “The
eight facts about Shaitaan’s plot”, the following is further explanation of
the points mentioned in that post from the following Books of Tafseer:
1. Tafseer
al-Muyassar - King Fahad Qur'aan Printing Press.
2. Tafseer Ibn
Katheer.
3. Tafseer
al-Tabaree.
4. Tafseer al-Sa`dee.
**********
Allaah تعالى said:
﴿قَالَ
فَبِمَا أَغْوَيْتَنِي لَأَقْعُدَنَّ لَهُمْ صِرَاطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ * ثُمَّ
لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ
وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ ۖ
وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ﴾
{(Iblees) said: “Because
You have sent me astray, surely I will sit in wait against them (human beings)
on Your Straight Path. Then I will come to them from before them and behind
them, from their right and from their left, and You will not find most of them
as thankful ones (i.e. they will not be dutiful to You).”} [Surah
al-A`raaf (7): 16-17]
From Tafseer al-Muyassar (King Fahad Complex):
(Iblees said): “Then I will approach them from all the
directions. I will chase them away from the Truth, and will make fair-seeming
to them the Falsehood, and will keep them preoccupied with worldly affairs, and
will cause doubts in them concerning the affairs of the Hereafter and You will
not find most of the children of Aadam thanking You for Your favors and
blessings.”
**********
From Tafseer Ibn Katheer رحمه الله:
Allaah تعالى said that after He gave respite to Shaitaan:
﴿إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ﴾
{till the Day they are raised up (resurrected)}, and
when Iblees was sure that he got what he wanted, he went on in defiance and
rebellion. He said:
﴿فَبِمَآ أَغْوَيْتَنِى
لأَقْعُدَنَّ لَهُمْ صِرَطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾
{“Because You have `Aghwaytani', surely, I will sit in wait
against them (human beings) on Your straight path.”}, meaning, as
You have sent me astray.
Ibn `Abbaas رضي
الله عنهما said:
`Aghwaytanee' means: “Misguided me.”
Others said: “As You caused my ruin, I will sit in wait
for Your servants whom You will create from the offspring of the one you
expelled me for.”
He (Iblees) went on:
﴿صِرَطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾
{Your straight path},
the path of truth and the way of safety. I (Iblees) will misguide them from
this path so that they do not worship You Alone, because You sent me astray.
Mujaahid said that the {straight
path}, refers to the Truth.
Imaam Ahmad recorded that Sabrah bin Abi Faakih said that
he heard the Messenger of Allaah صلى
الله عليه وسلم saying:
“Shaitaan
sits in the paths of the son of Aadam. He sits waiting for him, in the path to
Islaam, and he says: Will you accept Islaam, and leave your religion, and the
religion of your forefathers? But he (the son of Aadam) disobeys him and
accepts Islaam. Then he sits waiting for him, on the path to Hijrah
(emigration), and he says: Will you emigrate and leave behind your land and
sky? The parable of the one who emigrates is like a horse tethered to a peg.
But he (the son of Aadam) disobeys him and emigrates. Then he sits, waiting for
him, on the path to Jihaad, and he says: Will you fight in Jihaad when it will
cost you your life and your wealth? You will fight and be killed, and your wife
will remarry, and your wealth will be divided. But he disobeys him and fights
in Jihaad.” The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever does that, then
he had a right from Allaah, the Mighty and Sublime, that He will admit him to
paradise. Whoever is killed, he has a right from Allaah, the Mighty and
Sublime, that He will admit him to Paradise. If he is drowned, he has a right
from Allaah that He will admit him to paradise, or whoever is thrown by his
mount and his neck is broken, he had a right from Allaah that he will admit him
to Paradise.” [Musnad Ahmad (15958), Sunan al-Nasa’ee (3134) and
graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
`Alee bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما commented on:
﴿ثُمَّ لآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ﴾
{Then I will come to them
from before them}, raising doubts in them concerning their
Hereafter,
﴿وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ﴾
{and (from) behind them},
making them more eager for this life,
﴿وَعَنْ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ﴾
{from their right},
confusing them in the matters of the religion,
﴿وَعَن شَمَآئِلِهِمْ﴾
{and from their left},
luring them to commit sins.”
Qataadah said concerning:
﴿مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ﴾
{from before them},
meaning: he will inform them that there is no resurrection and there is no
Paradise or Hell,
﴿وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ﴾
{and from behind them},
from the perspective of the Dunya, he makes it seem fair in their eyes and
calls them towards it,
﴿وَعَنْ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ﴾
{from their right},
from the perspective of the good deeds, he diverts them away from it,
﴿وَعَن شَمَآئِلِهِمْ﴾
{and from their left},
he beautifies for them evil and sinful deeds, and calls them towards it, and
commands them to do it.
O Ibn Aadam! He comes to you from every direction, except
that he cannot come to you from above you. He cannot come in between you and
the Mercy of Allaah.”
Similar was narrated from Ibraaheem al-Nakha`ee, al-Hakam
bin al-`Utaibah, al-Suddee, Ibn Jareer (al-Tabaree) except that they said: {from before them}, meaning: the Dunyaa, {and from behind them}, meaning: the
Hereafter.
Ibn Jareer al-Tabaree chose the meaning that this covers
all paths of good and evil; discouraging the people from the path of good and
luring them to the path of evil.
Al-Hakam bin Abaan said that `Ikrimah narrated from Ibn
`Abbaas رضي الله عنهما concerning the Aayah:
﴿ثُمَّ لآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ
أَيْمَـنِهِمْ وَعَن شَمَآئِلِهِمْ﴾
{Then I will come to them from before them and behind
them, from their right and from their left,}, “he did not say that
he will come from above them, because Mercy descends from above.”
`Alee
bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما said:
﴿وَلاَ تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَـكِرِينَ﴾
{and You will not find most of them to be thankful.},
means, “those who will single Him out in worship.”
When Iblees said this, it was a guess and an assumption
on his part. Yet, the truth turned out to be the same, for Allaah said:
﴿وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ إِلاَّ
فَرِيقاً مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ * وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن سُلْطَـنٍ إِلاَّ
لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِى شَكٍّ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَى
كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَفُيظٌ ﴾
{And indeed Iblees did
prove true his thought about them, and they followed him, all except a group of
true believers. And he had no authority over them, except that We might test
him who believes in the Hereafter, from him who is in doubt about it. And your
Lord is Watchful over everything.} [Surah Saba (34): 20-21]
This is why there is a Hadeeth that encourages seeking
refuge with Allaah from the lures of Shaitaan from all directions.
Imaam Ahmad narrated that `Abdullaah bin `Umar رضي الله عنهما said: The Messenger of Allaah used to
often recite this supplication in the morning and when the night falls:
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْعَافِيَةَ
فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْعَفْوَ وَالْعَافِيَةَ
فِي دِينِي وَدُنْيَايَ وَأَهْلِي وَمَالِي، اللَّهُمَّ اسْتُرْ عَوْرَاتِي
وَآمِنْ رَوْعَاتِي، اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْنِي مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيَّ وَمِنْ خَلْفِي
وَعَنْ يَمِينِي وَعَنْ شِمَالِي وَمِنْ فَوْقِي وَأَعُوذُ بِعَظَمتِكَ أَنْ
أُغْتَالَ مِنْ تَحْتِي
“O Allaah! I ask You for well-being in this life and the
Hereafter. O Allaah! I ask You for forgiveness and well-being in my religion, worldly
affairs, in my family and in my property. O Allaah! Conceal my faults and
reassure me in times of difficulty. O Allaah! Protect me from before me, from
behind me, from my right, from my left and from above me. I seek refuge with
Your greatness from receiving unexpected harm from below me.” Wakee`
commented (about unexpected harm from below), “That is to say, swallowing by
the earth.” [Sunan Abu Dawood (5074), Sunan Ibn Maajah (3871), Sunan al-Nasa’ee
(5531), Saheeh Ibn Hibbaan (961), Adab al-Mufrad (1200), and al-Mustadrak of al-Haakim
(1902), and al-Haakim said: “Its chain is Saheeh”
and al-Dhahabee agreed with him. This Hadeeth is also graded as “Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
**********
Also from Tafseer Ibn Katheer رحمه الله:
﴿وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ
عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ إِلاَّ فَرِيقاً مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
* وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن سُلْطَـنٍ إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ
مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِى شَكٍّ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَفُيظٌ ﴾
{And indeed Iblees did prove true his thought about them, and
they followed him, all except a group of true believers. And he had no
authority over them, except that We might test him who believes in the
Hereafter, from him who is in doubt about it. And your Lord is Watchful over
everything.} [Surah Saba (34): 20-21]
Al-Hasan al-Basree رحمه الله said: “When Allaah تعالى removed Aadam عليه السلام from the Jannah along with Hawwaa’, Iblees came out rejoicing
because of what he did to them. Iblees said: If I can inflict upon the parents,
then the children are even weaker (than the parents). This was a guess from
Iblees. So Allaah عز وجل revealed:
﴿وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ
عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ إِلاَّ فَرِيقاً مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾
{And indeed Iblees did prove true his thought about them, and
they followed him, all except a group of true believers.}
At that Iblees said: I will not leave the son of Aadam
alone as long as there is soul in his body. I will work against him, arouse in him
false hopes and deceive him. So Allaah تعالى
said: “By My Honor! I will not close on him the (door of) repentance, as long
as his soul has not reached his throat at death; he will not call upon Me
except that I will respond to him; he will not ask Me except that I will give
it to him; he will not seek My forgiveness except that I will forgive him.”
This was reported by Ibn Abi Haatim.
**********
From Tafseer al-Tabaree رحمه الله:
﴿ثُمَّ لآتِيَنَّهُم
مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ وَعَن شَمَآئِلِهِمْ﴾
{Then I will
come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their
left,}, “he did not say that he will come from above them, because Mercy
descends from above.”
Abu Ja`far said: “From all the different statements (in the
explanation of this verse), the most correct, according to me, is the one who
said: He (Iblees) will approach them every direction in regards to Truth and
Falsehood. He will divert them away from the Truth, and will beautify for them
the Falsehood. This is because Iblees said that directly after he said:
﴿لَأَقْعُدَنَّ
لَهُمْ صِرَاطَكَ﴾
{surely I will sit in wait against them on Your Straight
Path}
He informed that he will sit, waiting for the son of
Aadam, on the path which Allaah تعالى has commanded him to follow. That is the
path which has been clarified for us – the Deen of Allaah, the True Deen. So he (Iblees) will approach him in that
regards from every direction. In regards to the Commandments of Allaah عز وجل, he (Iblees) will try to divert him away from it and that is
the meaning of {from before them} and
{from their right}. And in regards to
the things prohibited on them by Allaah عز وجل,
he will beautify it for them and will call them towards it and that is the
meaning of {behind them} and {from their left}.”
**********
From Tafseer Al-Sa`dee رحمه الله:
﴿قَالَ
فَبِمَا أَغْوَيْتَنِي لَأَقْعُدَنَّ لَهُمْ صِرَاطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ * ثُمَّ
لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ
وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ ۖ
وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ﴾
{(Iblees) said: “Because
You have sent me astray, surely I will sit in wait against them (human beings)
on Your Straight Path. Then I will come to them from before them and behind
them, from their right and from their left, and You will not find most of them
as thankful ones (i.e. they will not be dutiful to You).”} [Surah
al-A`raaf (7): 16-17]
Meaning: Iblees – when he despaired of Allaah’s Mercy –
said:
﴿فَبِمَا
أَغْوَيْتَنِي﴾
{“Because You have sent me
astray, surely I will sit in wait against them”}, meaning: the
creation,
﴿صِرَاطَكَ
الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾
{“Your Straight Path”},
meaning: I will be on the path and will exert my maximum efforts in diverting
the people away from it and will make them behave badly towards You.
﴿ثُمَّ
لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ
وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ﴾
{“Then I will come to them
from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left”},
meaning: from every direction and angle, and from every way possible for him,
by which he could attain his (devilish) objectives among the people.
And when this fiend came to know that they are weak, he
overtook many of them with ignorance, and firmly exerted his maximum efforts in
misleading them. He guessed on his part and yet the truth turned out to be the
same and he said:
﴿وَلَا
تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ﴾
{“and You will not find
most of them as thankful ones”}, thanking (Allaah) through prayers
(and worship) is from the manners of the Straight Path, but he (Iblees) wants
to divert them away from it, and prevent them from establishing it.
Allaah تعالى said:
﴿إِنَّمَا
يَدْعُو حِزْبَهُ لِيَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ﴾
{He only invites his Hizb
(followers) that they may become the dwellers of the blazing Fire.}
[Surah Faatir (35): 6]
And Allaah تعالى has alerted us about what he (Iblees) had
said and intends to do, so that we may be on the lookout and be ready to face
our enemy and to protect ourselves from him through the knowledge (given to
us), (and that we may know) the different routes through which he approaches, and
the ways he interferes. Through this, Allaah تعالى has bestowed upon us the most perfect
blessing.
**********
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