Monday, September 19, 2016

Brief Comments on Riyaadh al-Saaliheen #108

The Book of Etiquette of traveling (Part 2)

بسم الله والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ، وبعد

Chapter: The desirability of undertaking a journey in a group and appointing a group leader for the journey.

958 - Narrated Ibn `Umar رضي الله عنه: The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Were people to know of what I know about the dangers of travelling alone, no rider would travel alone at night. [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (2998)]

959 - Narrated `Abdullaah Ibn `Amr Ibn al-`Aas رضي الله عنهما: The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: A single rider is a devil, and a pair of riders is a pair of devils, but three are a company of riders. [Sunan Abu Dawood (2607) and Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1674) and graded as “Hasan” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]

960 - Abu Sa`eed al-Khudree and Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنهما reported: The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: When three persons set out on a journey, they should appoint one of them as their leader. [Sunan Abu Dawood (2608, 2609) and graded as “Hasan-Saheeh” by Shaikh al-Albaanee]

961 - Ibn `Abbaas رضي الله عنهما reported: The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: The best number of companions is four; the best number in expedition is four hundred; and the best number in armies is four thousand; and twelve thousand men will not be defeated as a result of smallness of numbers. [Sunan Abu Dawood (2611) and Sunan al-Tirmidhee (1555) and graded as “Dha`eef” by Shaikh al-Albaanee. Note that the Shaikh had initially graded this Hadeeth as “Saheeh” but upon rechecking he graded it as Dha`eef. See al-Saheehah (2/680-685/968); Dha`eef al-Targheeb (1814)]


Shaikh Muhammad Ibn Saaleh al-`Uthaymeen رحمه الله said:

The author (Imaam al-Nawawee) رحمه الله said in his book Riyaadh al-Saaliheen, Chapter: Desirability of undertaking a journey in a group and appointing someone amongst themselves as a group leader. This chapter deals with two issues.

The first issue: One should travel with a group; otherwise he should not travel alone. This is why the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Were people to know of what I know about the dangers of travelling alone, no rider would travel alone at night, meaning: a person should never travel alone (on a route). Perhaps he may fall sick, or he may faint, or someone may overpower him (and steal his belongings) or the likes and there would be no one to defend him, (or help him), or inform about him. This is regarding traveling (on routes) where one is completely alone; but as for the routes where there is constant traffic, and not a minute goes by except that there is a car passing you by – in such cases, even if you are alone in your own car, such rulings will not apply; i.e. he would not be considered as travelling alone because nowadays the routes are monitored from one province to another, from one city to another. So in such situations, he (the traveler) doesn’t come under this prohibition.

Moreover, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم mentioned in the other Hadeeth that the lone traveler is a devil; two travelers are two devils; but as for three, then they are a group of riders; meaning: when the person is traveling alone, he is a devil; when a person has only one companion to accompany him, then they both are devils; but when there are three people traveling together, they are riders and not devils. This Hadeeth is also a warning and discouragement from traveling alone or with only with one companion. But when there are three, there is no problem with that. And as mentioned earlier, this is again limited to routes and journeys where there is no one else coming and going.

Then the author mentioned the Hadeeth of Abu Sa`eed and Abu Hurairah that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم had commanded the travelers, when they are traveling, to appoint one of them as a leader. Meaning: one of them is appointed as leader who is in charge of the group – deciding where to go, when to stop/rest, when to pray, when to eat and all that which is related with traveling. If they do not appoint a leader, there will be chaos and mismanagement. This is why it is said that people do not benefit when there is chaos and there is no one higher (in command to control them). Therefore, it is a must that a leader is chosen who manages their affairs.

It is apparent from this Hadeeth that when a leader is appointed then he should be obeyed in the matters related with traveling for a smooth journey because he is now their leader. But as for the matters which are not related with traveling, then obeying him in that is not necessary, especially when the matters are personal except when he considers him to be a leader from whom he can seek advice. As Allaah تبارك وتعالى said:

﴿فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ

{so pass over (their faults), and ask (Allah's) Forgiveness for them; and consult them in the affairs. } [Surah aal-`Imraan (3): 159]

So, he can seek counseling for his benefit in the matters which are not clear for him. But if the matters are clear, then there is no need for him to consult the group leader. And success is only with Allaah.


[Sharh Riyaadh al-Saaliheen of Shaikh Ibn al-`Uthaymeen (4/584-586)]

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