بـسـم الله والحـمـد لله والـصلاة والـسـلام عــلى رسـول الله، وبـعـد
HIS NAME
He
is Jaabir bin `Abdullaah ibn `Amr bin Harraam bin Tha`labah bin Harraam bin
Ka`b bin Ghanam bin Ka`b bin Salamah, the great Imaam, the Mujtahid, the
Haafidh, the companion of the Prophet صلى الله عليه
وسلم, Abu
`Abdullaah and also Abu `Abdul Rahmaan, al-Ansaaree, al-Khazrajee (from the
tribe of Khazraj), al-Sulamee, al-Madanee, the Faqeeh.
HIS LIFE
Ibn
Sa`d said: Jaabir was with the 70 people who took the pledge of al-`Aqabah, and
he was the youngest one of them.
Jaabir
was one of those who gave the pledge to the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم under the tree (Bai`atul-Ridhwaan). And he was the last one to
die, from the people who witnessed the second pledge of al-`Aqabah.
And it is reported that he witnessed the battle of Badr (but
did not participate in the battle).
Al-Bukhaaree reported in his “al-Taareekh” with a Saheeh
chain that Jaabir said: I used to supply water to my companions in the battle
of Badr.
It
is said that he lived for 94 years. According to this, his age on the day of
Badr would be 18 years.
His
father was one of the commanders on the day of Badr; and he was martyred in the
battle of Uhud.
Jaabir
had obeyed his father and stayed back home on the day of Uhud to take care of
his sisters. He later participated in the battle of Khandaq (trench) and the
pledge under the tree. When he grew old, he went blind, and he was around the
age of 90.
Narrated
Jaabir: “Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم said to
me, “Have you got married O Jaabir?”
I replied, “Yes.” He asked: “What, a virgin or a
matron?” I replied, "Not a virgin but a matron." He said, “Why did you not marry a young girl who would have
fondled with you?” I replied, “O Allaah's Apostle! My father was
martyred on the day of Uhud and left nine (orphan) daughters who are my nine
sisters; so I disliked to have another young girl of their age, but (I sought)
an (elderly) woman who could comb their hair and look after them.” The Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم said, “You have done the right
thing.” [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (3826)]
Narrated
Jaabir bin `Abdullaah: That his father was martyred on the day of the battle of
Uhud and was in debt and left six (orphan) daughters. Jaabir added, "When
the season of plucking the dates came, I went to Allaah's Apostle صلى
الله عليه وسلم and said, "You know that my father was martyred on the day
of Uhud, and he was heavily in debt, and I would like that the creditors should
see you." The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Go and pile every kind of dates apart.” I did
so and called him (i.e. the Prophet). When the creditors saw him, they started
claiming their debts from me then in such a harsh manner (as they had never
done before). So when he saw their attitude, he went round the biggest heap of
dates thrice, and then sat over it and said, “(O
Jaabir!), call your companions (i.e. the creditors).” Then he kept
on measuring (and giving) to the creditors (their due) till Allaah paid all the
debt of my father. I would have been satisfied to retain nothing of those dates
for my sisters after Allaah had paid the debts of my father. But Allaah saved
all the heaps (of dates), so that when I looked at the heap where the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم had been sitting, it seemed as if not a single date had been
taken away thereof." [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (3827)]
Al-Waaqidee reported that Ibraheem bin Ja`far informed him on
the authority of his father that Jaabir said: I participated in 19 military
expedition with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. I was not able to participate till my father was killed in the
battle of Uhud. For he would put me in-charge of my sisters; and they were
nine. The first expedition, which I was able to participate with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, was
“Hamraa’ al-Asad”.
Narrated Jaabir ibn `Abdullaah: I fought in the company of
the Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم nineteen
battles. Jaabir said: I did not participate in the Battle of Badr and the
Battle of Uhud. My father prevented me (from participating in these battles).
After `Abdullaah (my father) was killed on the Day of Uhud, I never lagged
behind the Messenger of Allaah (peace be upon him) and joined every battle (he
fought).” [Saheeh Muslim]
And
Jaabir said: On the day of al-Hudaibiyah, the Messenger of Allaah صلى
الله عليه وسلم said: “Today, you are the best people
on Earth.” And we were 1,400 then. [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (4154),
Muslim (1856)]
On
the authority of Jaabir that he said: I was in the military which was led by
Khaalid (bin al-Waleed), which had laid siege on Damascus.
Narrated
Jaabir bin `Abdullaah: I was with the Prophet صلى الله عليه
وسلم in a Ghazwa (military
expedition) and my camel was slow and exhausted. The Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم came up to me and said, "O Jaabir." I replied,
"Yes?" He said, "What is the
matter with you?" I replied, "My camel is slow and tired,
so I am left behind." So, he got down and poked the camel with his stick
and then ordered me to ride. I rode the camel and it became so fast that I had
to hold it from going ahead of Allaah's Apostle صلى
الله عليه وسلم. He then asked me, “have you got
married?" I replied in the affirmative. He asked, "A virgin or a matron?" I replied,
"I married a matron." The Prophet صلى الله عليه
وسلم said, "Why have you not married a virgin, so that you may
play with her and she may play with you?" Jaabir replied,
"I have sisters (young in age) so I liked to marry a matron who could
collect them all and comb their hair and look after them." The Prophet
said, "You will reach, so when you have
arrived (at home), I advise you to associate with your wife (that you may have
an intelligent son)." Then he asked me, "Would you like to sell your camel?"
I replied in the affirmative and the Prophet purchased it for one Uqiya of
gold. Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم reached before me and I reached in the morning,
and when I went to the Masjid, I found him at the door of the Masjid. He asked
me, "Have you arrived just now?"
I replied in the affirmative. He said, "Leave
your camel and come into (the Masjid) and pray two Raka`aat." I
entered and offered the prayer. He told Bilal to weigh and give me one Uqiya of
gold. So Bilal weighed for me fairly and I went away. The Prophet sent for me
and I thought that he would return to me my camel which I hated more than
anything else. But the Prophet said to me, "Take
your camel as well as its price." [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree]
HIS KNOWLEDGE &
HIS EAGERNESS TO SEEK IT
He is from the elite group of companions who has narrated a
lot of Ahaadeeth.
He narrated a lot of `ilm from
the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, and from `Umar, `Alee,
Abu Bakr, Abu `Ubaidah, Mu`aadh ibn Jabal, al-Zubair and many others.
Those
who narrated from him are: Ibn al-Musaayib, `Ataa’ bin Abi Rabaah, Hasan
al-Basree, Abu Ja`far al-Baaqar, Abu Zubair, Mujaahid, Sharheel bin Sa`d,
Tawoos, `Abdullaah bin Abee Qataadah, and many more. He was the Muftee of
Madinah in his time. He lived for a few years after the death of Ibn `Umar. He
witnessed the pledge of al-`Aqabah with his father.
Ibn
`Ajlaan narrated on the authority of `Ubaidullaah bin Muqsim that he said:
Jaabir bin `Abdullaah travelled to Makkah in the last age, in search for the
Ahaadeeth that he had heard. Then he went back to Madeenah.
It
has been reported that Jaabir رضي الله عنه undertook the journey of
one month to Egypt to hear (only one single Hadeeth) the Hadeeth of Punishment
(on the Day of Judgment) from `Abdullaah bin Unais.
Jaabir
ibn `Abdullaah said, "I purchased a camel and rode it hard for a month
until I reached al-Shaam. `Abdullaah ibn Unais was there, and I sent word to
him, saying, “Jaabir is at the door.” The messenger returned and asked, “Jaabir
ibn `Abdullaah?” I replied: “Yes”. So `Abdullaah came out and embraced me. I
said, “A Hadeeth reached me (on your authority) which I had not heard before
and I feared that one of us might die.” He (`Abdullaah bin Unais) went on, “I
heard the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم say, “Allaah
will gather His slaves or he said, the
people (on the Day of Judgment) naked, uncircumcised, without anything.”
We asked, 'What is meant by "without anything"?' The Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم said, “They will
have nothing with them.” (The Prophet went on) “They will be called by a voice that is heard from afar
(and I think that he said, 'as if it was from
close at hand'), saying, "I am
the King. No one from the people of the Paradise will enter the Paradise while someone
from the people of the Fire is seeking him for some injustice that he did to
him. And no one of the people of the Fire will enter the Fire while someone
from the people of the Paradise is seeking him for an injustice that he did to
him."' I asked, 'How is this? We come to Allaah naked and we
would be without any worldly goods?' He said,
'This applies to good deeds (which will be taken from the oppressor and given
to the oppressed) and evil actions (which will be taken from the oppressed and
given to the oppressor).”” [Adab al-Mufrad (970) of al-Bukhaaree and
graded as “Hasan” (good) by Shaikh al-Albaanee. He also authenticated it in
“Takhreej Kitaab al-Sunnah” (514)]
It
is reported in the “Musannaf” of Wakee`
on the authority of Hishaam bin `Urwah that Jaabir used to study circles in the
Masjid (al-Nabawi) and the people used to seek knowledge from him.
THE PROPHET صلى الله عليه وسلم PRAYED FOR HIM
On
the authority of Abu al-Zubair that Jaabir said: “The Messenger of Allaah صلى
الله عليه وسلم, on the night of the camel*, sought forgiveness for me 25
times.” [Tirmidhee (3852), graded as “Dha`eef” (weak) by Shaikh al-Albaanee]
*
Night of the camel is night when Jaabir رضي الله عنه sold his camel to the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم.
Jaabir narrated: The Messenger of Allaah صلى
الله عليه وسلم sought forgiveness for me 25 times, and every time with his
hand in my hand. He would say: “Did you pay of your father’s debt?” I would
say: “Yes” He would then say: “Allaah forgive you.” [Reported by Ibn `Adee in
“al-Kaamil fee al-Dhu`afaa’” (2/336) and it is weak]
Narrated
Jaabir: Allaah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم came to visit me while I
was sick and unconscious. He performed ablution and sprinkled the remaining
water on me and I became conscious and said, "O Allaah's Apostle! To whom
will my inheritance go as I have neither ascendants nor descendants?" Then
the Divine verses regarding Fara'id (inheritance) were revealed. [Saheeh
al-Bukhaaree (194)]
HIS DEATH
Al-Waaqidee
and Yahya bin Bakeer said: He died in the year 78 Hijri.
And
Abu Na`eem said: He died in the year 77 Hijri.
And he said: He lived for 94 years.
Aboo
Bakr al-Madanee said: I saw that the lower garment of Jaabir did not reach his
ankles, and on him was a white turban.
Al-Waaqidee said that Salamah bin Wardaan said: I say Jaabir رضي الله عنه and he
had a white head and white beard.
Al-Waaqidee
reported on the authority of Ubai bin `Abbaas that his father said: We were in
Minaa (in Hajj), and we informed Jaabir of what we were seeing from the changes
which the people had made (in religion). So he said: “Were it that my hearing
had also gone away as has my eye sight, so that I would not have had to listen
nor see what the people had innovated.”
Khaarijah
bin al-Haarith said: Jaabir bin `Abdullaah died in the year 78 Hijri, when he was
94 years old. His became blind in his old age. I saw him cold on his bed. And
Abaan bin `Uthmaan, who was the Ameer of al-Madeenah, led his funeral prayer.
He
(Jaabir) was the last one to die from those who witnessed the pledge of
al-`Aqabah, رضي الله عنه.
He
has narrated a total of 1,540 Ahaadeeth. Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim agreed upon 58
Ahaadeeth. Al-Bukhaaree individually reported 26 Ahaadeeth, and Muslim
individually reported 126 Ahaadeeth.
References:
الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة – لإبن الحجر الأسقلاني
أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة – لإبن الأثير
الاستيعاب في معرفة الأصحاب -
لإبن عبد البر
سير اعلام النبلاء – إمام الذهبي
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